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Python
Sliding Window Iterator
Iterate over an iterable with a rolling window of N items. itertools.batched (Python 3.12+) gives you NON-overlapping chunks; this helper gives overlapping ones, common for moving averages or n-gram analysis.
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Python
take / drop / takewhile
Take the first N items of an iterable (or while a predicate holds). drop is the complement. Lazy via islice + itertools.dropwhile — works on infinite generators.
Rust
Rayon — Parallel Iterators
`rayon` lets you parallelize CPU-bound iterator chains by changing `.iter()` to `.par_iter()`. Handles thread-pool, work-stealing, and synchronization for you.
Rust
fold / reduce / scan
`fold` is the general aggregator: starts from an accumulator, applies a fn to each item. `reduce` uses the first item as the seed. `scan` yields intermediate accumulator values.
Rust
flat_map and Iterator::flatten
`flat_map(f)` is `map(f).flatten()` — map each item to an iterator, then concatenate. Indispensable for working with nested structures.
Rust
impl Trait — Static Dispatch Returns
When you want to return a complex iterator chain or closure, you don't need to spell out the type. `impl Trait` lets the compiler infer the concrete type while exposing only the API contract.
Rust
Group By a Key (fold into HashMap)
No built-in `group_by`, but `fold` into a `HashMap` does the same thing in two lines — and the type system tracks keys / values correctly.
Rust
Iterator Chain — map / filter / collect
Rust iterators are lazy and zero-cost. Chain transformations and finally collect into a concrete container. The compiler unrolls the whole pipeline into a tight loop.
Rust
Custom Iterator Implementation
Implementing `Iterator` is just supplying a `next() -> Option<Item>`. You automatically gain `map`, `filter`, `collect`, and every other adapter for free.
Python
group_by — Group Items by a Key
A dict-returning groupby that doesn't require sorted input. Like itertools.groupby but materializes the groups so consumers can iterate them multiple times.
Python
flatten — Recursively Flatten Nested Lists
Yield every leaf from arbitrarily-nested lists/tuples. Strings are intentionally treated as atomic (we don't want to "flatten" "hi" into ["h", "i"]).
Python
unique_everseen — Order-Preserving Dedupe
Remove duplicates while preserving original order (set() loses order on collisions). Optional key function lets you dedupe by a derived value — e.g., lowercased email.
Go
iter.Seq — Range-Over-Func (Go 1.23+)
Go 1.23 added "range over func" — your own functions can produce values that work with `for v := range fn`. Cleaner than channels for in-process iteration without goroutine overhead.
Python
chunked — Split Iterable into Fixed-Size Pieces
Lazy chunker that works on any iterable, not just lists. Common building block for batch APIs — "send 50 rows per request" — without loading the source into memory.
Rust
zip / enumerate / chain
Three adapters that pair, index, and concatenate iterators. Every Rust developer reaches for them daily.
Rust
windows / chunks — Sliding & Fixed
`windows(n)` yields every overlapping sub-slice of length n; `chunks(n)` yields non-overlapping chunks. Both work on slices for free, no extra crates.