#hashmap Clear
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Bash Associative Array (hash map)
Bash 4+ supports key-value associative arrays. Must `declare -A` first — Bash won't infer it. Iterate keys with !arr[@].
Rust Group By a Key (fold into HashMap)
No built-in `group_by`, but `fold` into a `HashMap` does the same thing in two lines — and the type system tracks keys / values correctly.
Rust HashMap with the entry() API
The `entry()` API is the idiomatic way to "insert if absent" or "update if present" in a single lookup. Avoids double-lookups that the explicit `contains_key` + `insert` dance would need.