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SQL JSONB Columns (PostgreSQL)
`jsonb` stores binary-optimized JSON. Index sub-fields with GIN for fast containment queries. Most-used operators: `->` (get field), `->>` (get as text), `@>` (contains), `?` (key exists).
SQL Array Columns (PostgreSQL)
Native array columns avoid an extra join for "small list of things per row" patterns — tags, categories, allowed_roles. Combine with GIN index for fast `@>` / `&&` operators.