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# All TCP listening sockets + the process holding them (needs root for process info)
sudo ss -tlnp

# UDP listeners
sudo ss -ulnp

# Both, summarized
ss -s

# Count active connections by state
ss -tn state established | wc -l

# Find what holds a specific port (alternatives — pick by availability)
sudo ss -tlnp 'sport = :8080'
sudo lsof -i :8080
sudo fuser 8080/tcp

# Legacy netstat — works but deprecated
sudo netstat -tlnp 2>/dev/null